Ambarawa, sebuah daerah yang terletak di
sebelah selatan kota Semarang-Jawa Tengah, dimana rakyat beserta tentara
Indonesia berjuang mempertahankan daerahnya dari cengkeraman tentara sekutu
yang mencoba membebaskan para tahanan tentara Belanda ( NICA ).
Pada tanggal 20
Oktober 1945, tentara Sekutu di bawah pimpinan Brigadir Bethell mendarat di
Semarang dengan maksud mengurus tawanan perang dan tentara Jepang yang berada
di Jawa Tengah. Kedatangan sekutu ini diboncengi oleh NICA. Kedatangan Sekutu
ini mulanya disambut baik dan Sekutu berjanji tidak akan mengganggu kedaulatan
Republik Indonesia.
Namun, ketika
pasukan Sekutu dan NICA telah sampai di Ambarawa dan Magelang untuk membebaskan
para tawanan tentara Belanda, justru mempersenjatai mereka sehingga menimbulkan
amarah pihak Indonesia. Insiden bersenjata timbul di kota Magelang, hingga
terjadi pertempuran. Di Magelang, tentara Sekutu bertindak sebagai penguasa
yang mencoba melucuti Tentara Keamanan Rakyat ( TKR ) dan membuat kekacauan.
TKR Resimen Magelang pimpinan M. Sarbini membalas tindakan tersebut dengan
mengepung tentara Sekutu dari segala penjuru. Namun mereka selamat dari
kehancuran berkat campur tangan Presiden Soekarno yang berhasil menenangkan
suasana. Kemudian pasukan Sekutu secara diam-diam meninggalkan Kota Magelang
menuju ke benteng Ambarawa. Akibat peristiwa tersebut, Resimen Kedu Tengah di
bawah pimpinan Letnan Kolonel M. Sarbini segera mengadakan pengejaran terhadap
mereka. Gerakan mundur tentara Sekutu tertahan di Desa Jambu karena dihadang
oleh pasukan Angkatan Muda di bawah pimpinan Oni Sastrodihardjo yang diperkuat
oleh pasukan gabungan dari Ambarawa, Suruh dan Surakarta.
Sekutu kembali
dihadang oleh Batalyon I Suryosumpeno di Ngipik. Pada saat pengunduran, tentara
Sekutu mencoba menduduki dua desa di sekitar Ambarawa. Pasukan Indonesia di
bawah pimpinan Letnan Kolonel Isdiman berusaha membebaskan kedua desa tersebut,
Letnan Kolonel Isdiman gugur. Sejak gugurnya Letkol Isdiman, Komandan Divisi V
Banyumas, Soedirman merasa kehilangan perwira terbaiknya dan ia langsung turun
ke lapangan untuk memimpin pertempuran. Kehadiran Kolonel Sudirman memberikan
nafas baru kepada pasukan-pasukan RI. Koordinasi diadakan diantara
komando-komando sektor dan pengepungan terhadap musuh semakin ketat. Siasat
yang diterapkan adalah serangan pendadakan serentak di semua sektor. Bala
bantuan terus mengalir dari Yogyakarta, Solo, Salatiga, Purwokerto, Magelang,
Semarang, dan lain-lain.
Tanggal 23
Nopember 1945 ketika matahari mulai terbit, mulailah tembak-menembak dengan
pasukan Sekutu yang bertahan di kompleks gereja dan pekuburan Belanda di Jalan
Margo Agung. Pasukan Indonesia antara lain dari Yon Imam Adrongi, Yon Soeharto
dan Yon Sugeng. Tentara Sekutu mengerahkan tawanan-tawanan Jepang dengan
diperkuat tanknya, menyusup ke kedudukan Indonesia dari arah belakang, karena
itu pasukan Indonesia pindah ke Bedono.
Pada tanggal 11
Desember 1945, Kolonel Soedirman mengadakan rapat dengan para Komandan Sektor
TKR dan Laskar. Pada tanggal 12 Desember 1945 jam 04.30 pagi, serangan mulai
dilancarkan. Pertempuran berkobar di Ambarawa. Satu setengah jam kemudian,
jalan raya Semarang-Ambarawa dikuasai oleh kesatuan-kesatuan TKR. Pertempuran
Ambarawa berlangsung sengit, Kolonel Soedirman langsung memimpin pasukannya
yang menggunakan taktik gelar supit urang, atau pengepungan rangkap sehingga
musuh benar-benar terkurung. Suplai dan komunikasi dengan pasukan induknya
terputus sama sekali. Setelah bertempur selama 4 hari, pada tanggal 15 Desember
1945 pertempuran berakhir dan Indonesia berhasil merebut Ambarawa dan Sekutu
dibuat mundur ke Semarang.
Kedahsyatan
Palagan Ambarawa juga tercermin dalam laporan pihak Inggris yang menulis: “The
battle of Ambarawa had been a fierce struggle between Indonesian troops and
Pemuda and, on the other hand, Indian soldiers, assisted by a Japanese
company….” Yang juga ditambahi dengan kalimat, “The British had bombed Ungaran
intensively to open the road and strafed Ambarawa from air repeatedly. Air
raids too had taken place upon Solo and Yogya, to destroy the local radio
stations, from where the fighting spirit was sustained…”
Kemenangan pertempuran ini kini diabadikan dengan didirikannya Monumen Palagan
Ambarawa dan diperingatinya Hari Jadi TNI Angkatan Darat atau Hari Juang
Kartika.
7 komentar:
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